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B2B – is an acronym for business-to-business. The seller solely sells to other businesses in this business model, not to individual customers. We refer to it as B2C, or business-to-consumer, when it sells to individual customers.

B2C – is an acronym for business-to-consumer. Sellers sell directly to customers rather than businesses in this business model. We refer to it as B2B, or business-to-business, when the seller targets other businesses.

B2G – represents business-to-government. It describes businesses that offer goods or services to the public sector, government, or other organisations. For instance, defence contractors mostly engage in B2G activity.

Baby Boomers – men and women who were born between 1946 and roughly 1964, during the post-World War II era of strong economic boom. The baby boom era is so named because birth rates were significantly higher during this time. During the baby boom, more than 76 million babies were born in the US.

Backdoor Listing – a means by which unlisted businesses can go from being unlisted to becoming publicly listed, that is, listed on a recognised stock market like the New York Stock Exchange, Nasdaq, or London Stock Exchange. The unlisted firm looks for and buys a listed shell company to enter the stock exchange “via the back door.”

Backdoor Selling – the skill of interrogating corporate employees with thoughtful inquiries to extract data that will provide the seller (supplier) an advantage over rivals In a context of competitive bidding, businesses may employ the backdoor selling strategy. Salespeople typically target non-purchasing department employees since they are more likely to accidentally reveal critical information. Backdoor selling can also refer to breaking a contract with a client, such as when a supplier sells directly to Company B in Territory A despite having signed a contract with Company A that specifies that the supplier will only sell directly to Company A in Territory A.

Backed Currency – a currency that is backed by a precious metal like silver or gold. The quantity of a particular item that the government or central bank has on hand directly affects the value of that currency. A backed currency is the gold standard, which the US and the UK abandoned in the 1970s and the 1930s, respectively. It is the antithesis of fiat money.

Back End – the areas of a business that are rarely encountered by clients, competitors, the media, and members of the public. In contrast, the front end interacts with customers and other outside individuals and groups. Back end sales are extra purchases made by the same consumer after the first purchase. A back end application or programme in information technology is one that indirectly supports front end services.

Backlink – a sentence, word, button, or graphic that, when clicked, directs the user to your website. They are also known as incoming links or inbound connections. As long as they are high-quality backlinks, they are crucial for effective SEO.

Back Office – the area of a business where staff members rarely interact with clients or other external parties. In investment banking and many other types of financial organisations, the term “back office” is more frequently used than “back end.” According to reports, investment banking has three offices: 1. Front office. 2. Middle Office. 3. Reception area.

Back to Back – The phrase refers to any transaction, paper, agreement, or contract in which every characteristic of one is replicated or mirrored in another in the context of commerce. For instance, a back-to-back letter of credit is one that is opened in favour of a different beneficiary but has the same terms and conditions as a prior one.

Back-End Ratio – one of the criteria for assessing whether to approve or deny a mortgage application that banks and other lenders employ. It is computed by adding together all monthly mortgage and loan payments, house insurance premiums, and property taxes, then dividing the total by gross income. This ratio is sometimes referred to as the total obligations ratio. Mortgage applicants are unlikely to have their loans authorised if the sum exceeds 36% to 43% of their gross income.

Bad Credit –If you have poor credit, it indicates that you have a history of making late payments on your debts. It denotes a low credit score for you. Some bills were completely ignored by borrowers with extremely low credit scores. The simpler it is to obtain a bank loan or purchase anything on credit, the higher your credit score.

Bad Debt – a loan or account receivable that will not be paid. Companies write off bad debts usually as expenses. Also known as a bad loan or delinquent loan.

Bailout – the practise of making loans to a struggling firm or economy (to save it from going bust or defaulting). Following the 2008 financial crisis, taxpayers in North America and Europe bailed out a number of businesses, especially big banks.

Balance Sheet – demonstrates the financial standing of an individual, business, or organisation at a specific point in time, typically at the conclusion of a reporting period like a financial year, quarter, or half-year. It essentially serves as a snapshot of the organisation on a specific date and gives critical financial data to management, suppliers, investors, creditors, lenders, and other interested parties.

Balloon Loan – see Bullet Loan.

Balloon Mortgage – This mortgage requires regular, small payments over a number of years, followed by either one major payment or several sizable payments near the conclusion of the term. sometimes referred to as a balloon mortgage or balloon loan.

Bank – a financial establishment that is authorised to accept deposits from customers and to make loans. By charging higher interest rates on loans than it does on customer deposits, banks are able to generate profits. Commercial banks and investment banks are the two different types of banks.

Bank Capital – the storage of cash and other valuables that financial institutions maintain as a safety net for their creditors in the event that their assets are liquidated. A bank is better able to weather financial crises if it has more capital.

Bank Draft – This kind of check (UK: cheque) has the money deducted straight out of the bank. Also called a teller’s check, bank check, or bank draught. The document bears the name of the payee. For larger payments or when the payee won’t accept a personal check, bank draughts are typically used.

Bankers’ Bank – a financial institution that provides services to community banks in the United States. It belongs to a group of community banks and aims to help them compete more effectively with the larger institutions.

Bankmail – a contract stating that a bank won’t support a competitor’s acquisition strategy. The arrangement could exist between the bank and an aspirant company or between the bank and the target company in a hostile takeover.

Banknote – a form of paper money that is accepted by customers, merchants, and other companies. A central bank that issued it guarantees to pay the bearer the indicated amount upon demand. Banknotes and coins make up the actual money in use. Also known as a note in the UK and Ireland and as a bill in North America.

Bank of England – or BoE is the central bank of the United Kingdom. It is in charge of Britain’s money and how that money operates within the country.

Bank Rate – the rate of money lending by a nation’s central bank to its own financial institutions. Commercial banks use the bank rate as the basis for their own interest rates, which they pass down to clients. In the US, it is often referred to as the base rate or the federal discount rate.

Bank Reference – a private assessment made by a bank of one of its clients that informs the requester of the client’s suitability as a risk for a particular financial commitment. Also referred to as a status enquiry within financial institutions and a banker’s reference.

Bank Run – when a sizable portion of bank depositors (customers) begin to withdraw their funds because to a lack of confidence in the bank, the banking system, or the wider economy. also referred to as a bank run.

Bankruptcy – a phrase used to describe a person or company that is unable to repay payments to creditors. A court order starts this legal status in place (typically by the debtor).

Banksters – those careless, dishonest, or fraudulent bankers. The term is a gangsters and bankers portmanteau. In the United States, the phrase first arose in the early 1930s.

Bank Statement – a document listing all transactions in a customer’s bank account over a specified period (usually one month). Also called an account statement.

Bank Stress Test – this is an analysis or a simulation of events to determine how well a financial institution would cope with a financial crisis. Since 2008, most banking authorities globally have required their banks to undergo stress tests.

Banner – a flag or long piece of cloth with a coat of arms, slogan, logo, sports team image, advert, or other kind of message. They are very popular in public demonstrations/protests, major events, and marketing campaigns.

Barcode – a parallel vertical line pattern with varied thickness that can be read by computers and serves as a product’s individual fingerprint. Frequently, the code is printed on the product or its container. Barcoding is used to track and maintain inventory of items by manufacturers, distributors, merchants, blood banks, and many other types of organisations. The variety of uses is expanding.

Barriers to entry – New enterprises face challenges or roadblocks while seeking to enter a new market. It can be extremely difficult for businesses to break through some entry hurdles. Monopolies are more prevalent when barriers are strong. the polar opposite of “barriers to exit.”

Barter –a system where goods are exchanged without the need of money. They trade one set of goods or services for another set. As an illustration, someone might trade a chicken for an hour of a plumber’s time. It also functions as a verb. In addition to meaning “buying/selling items without using money,” the verb “haggle” can also indicate “to negotiate.”

Basel Accords – a list of banking regulation recommendations that were created to make sure that banks globally operate responsibly.

Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) – the international regulatory body of banking. The committee is in charge of creating banking regulation recommendations (the Basel Accords).

Bear Market / Bearish Trend – a downward-moving trend of in market prices (it is the opposite of a bull market).

Behavioral Economics – a branch of economics that applies elements of psychology to explain why humans, who tend to be irrational animals, make certain spending decisions.

Benefits – extra compensation an employer gives its employees (on top of their salary). Examples include a non-contributory pension scheme, health insurance, bonuses, company car, and a subsidized canteen.

Bespoke – means tailor made or custom made. If I make something from scratch according to the tastes, preferences, or instructions of a customer, it is a bespoke item. Bespoke suits contrast with off the rack (USA) or off the peg (UK) suits.

Beta – more commonly known as The Beta, is a measure of an asset’s volatility; how much more or less it fluctuates compared to the market average. If something has a Beta of less than 1, it is likely to fluctuate less than the market average. Conversely, a Beta greater than one means its fluctuations in price will probably exceed the market average. Gold usually has a Beta greater than one, while Treasury Bills have a Beta of less than 1. Also known as the Beta Coefficient or β.

Better Business Bureau (BBB) – an association made up of 112 regional BBBs in the US, Canada, and Mexico. It strives to promote open and responsive business-customer connections, inspire consumer confidence, and help create a reliable marketplace for everyone.

Betting – the action of gambling money or other possessions on the outcome of something. It is the practice or act of playing games of chance for a stake. The stake is usually money. Betting, also called gambling, has been around for thousands of years.

Bid – an offer to buy something or a proposal to complete a service or work package in return for payment. Bidding is what people do at auctions, when they compete for contracts, make offers to buy shares, or seek to acquire companies.

Big Society Capital – an entity that was set up by the British Government in April 2012. It is an independent financial institution set to help grow the social investment market.

Bioenergy – renewable energy produced from biomass – organic matter that can be used to produce heat, transportation fuels, and electricity.

Biomass – or biomass energy refers to obtaining energy by burning wood, plants, and other organic matter. We can also convert the matter into biofuel or biogas. Biomass is renewable energy; the source of the energy never runs out.

Bitcoin -the world’s first completely decentralized digital-payment system, it is a digital currency that can be exchanged without any sort of central authority.

Black Economy – a segment of the economy that is unrecorded. All work is done in cash only, as are all commercial transactions. There are no receipts, no declarations of income, and no tax payments. It is sometimes referred to as the informal sector, hidden economy, underground economy, or shadow economy. The black economy makes up a considerable component of the GDP of developing nations.

Black Market – the part of the economy where goods and services are traded illegally. The Black Market does not necessarily mean the products are illegal, but the activity definitely is. Also known as the underground market or underground economy.

Block Explorer – a website tool used by cryptocurrency users. You can use it to search the blockchain. You can see balances, follow transfers, look up confirmations, and see network statistics with the block explorer. Every explorer only works with one particular blockchain. For instance, a Litecoin blockchain cannot be accessed by a Bitcoin block explorer.

Blocks – comprising a blockchain. The blockchain is the equivalent of the entire ledger book, whereas blocks are records or individual ledgers. Batches of legitimate transactions are stored in blocks, which are hashed and encoded into a hash tree. A good example of a blockchain network system in operation is cryptocurrency.

Blockchain – a continuously expanding list of records. The records are referred to as “blocks.” Using unique codes, or cryptography, the blocks are connected and secured. A hash point with a date and transaction information appears on each block. Cryptocurrencies are built on top of blockchain technology.

Blog – short for Weblog. It is an online diary or journal that members of the public can view. The blogger writes about his or her experiences, opinions, and other events. Some small news websites refer to themselves as blogs.

Blue Chip Companies – these are companies that are considered to be reliable, they have a history of performing well financially.

Blue Chip Stocks – stocks that are from blue chip companies (well known and financially strong companies that operated for many years). These stocks normally show resilience in important market indexes.

Blue-Collar Worker – a person who does manual rather than clerical work. Blue-collar workers work in factories, workshops, or trades. Their work demands physical skills. The term contrasts with white-collar workers, who work in offices.

Blue Ocean Strategy – a marketing technique whereby a business seeks to exit its already-crowded market (the “red ocean”) and enter the “blue ocean.” A market with no competitors is known as a blue ocean, or uncharted area. Renée Mauborgne and W. Chan Kim, two INSEAD academics, first described the tactic in a book published in 2005.

Bluetooth – the brand name of a wireless communication technology standard that is simple and secure. It enables wireless data transmission and reception between electrical devices over short distances. One frequent illustration is music streaming from a smartphone to wireless headphones.

Board of Directors –  a group of people who are elected as representatives of the shareholders to establish much of company policy as well as making decisions on key issues.

Bond– a bond is issued by large organizations (such as companies or governments) to borrow money. The issuer of the bond is obliged to to pay the holder interest and/or to pay back the principal in the future.

Bonus – 1. Extra money an employer gives to an employee because the employee performed well. 2. Extra money employees get because the employer had a good year. 3. Money that a company gives its shareholders when it has had a good year. 4. Money that insurance companies give customers when they make a good profit.

Bookkeeper – a person who records a company’s financial transactions, i.e., money coming in and going out. They work in bookkeeping. It is not the same as an accountant (accountants studied many more years).

Bookkeeping – the occupation or activity of maintaining records of an individual’s, company’s, or other entity’s financial transactions. It is part of the umbrella term accounting. People involved in bookkeeping are bookkeepers.

Book-to-Bill Ratio – a metric that reveals whether or not consumer demand is increasing or decreasing. Any book-to-bill ratio more than one indicates that demand is greater than supply. In the business of making semiconductors, this measurement is commonly used. also referred to as the BO/BI ratio or the BB ratio.

Boss – a person who is responsible for at least one other person. A boss can be a director, a departmental manager, a regional manager, a junior supervisor, the CEO of a big firm, or any combination of these. Your boss is the person to whom you report at work. To boss means to direct someone’s actions. A “bossy” individual is one who is always in charge.

Bot – also called a web robot or Internet bot, is a software programe that carries out automated tasks (scripts) online. They typically perform repetitive and simple tasks and represent over half of all online activity.

Bottom Line – Due to their placement at the bottom of a company’s financial statement, the term “EPS” is used in the finance industry to refer to net profit, net income, net earnings, or earnings per share (EPS). In other circumstances, it might refer to the outcome, the amount owed, or the minimal offer that was accepted.

Bounce Rate – a percentage or proportion of internet visitors who leave a page without visiting any other pages on the same website. The lowest possible bounce rate is what webmasters strive for. The bounce rates on some pages, including contact, checkout, and customer service, are incredibly strong.

Brand – one of the most important aspects of a company is a brand. A brand is “the image and personality of a product” that a company portrays – in the form of slogans, logos, etc.

Brand Management – involves using methods to improve the reputation of a certain brand or product.

Brand Loyalty – when consumers have a specific preference for a certain brand or product.

Brent Crude – a trading classification of sweet light crude oil. It is one of the main benchmark prices for oil in the world.

Brexin – the opposite of Brexit. Brexin means BRitain staying IN the European Union. Linguists say that Brexin as a term makes no sense – it should not include the word ‘exit’ within it.

Brexit – signifies Britain’s departure from the European Union. The phrase incorporates the first two letters of “Britain” as well as the entire word “Exit.” A Brexiteer is a person who supports Brexit. Brexin is the antithesis of Brexit. Someone who feels bad about voting “Brexit” is considered to regret their decision.

BRIC – an acronym for “Brazil, Russia, India, and China”. A report by Goldman Sachs predicted that the four BRIC economies would be wealthier than the current world powers by 2050.

Bridge Loan – a short-term loan used by a person or company in order to secure a transaction or get short-term working capital, until an asset is sold or expected funds come in. Known as a bridging loan in the UK.

Broadband – a high-capacity data transmission technique that uses a wide bandwidth to transport a massive number of signals (messages) simultaneously. As far as lay people are concerned, broadband means very fast Internet connection.

Broad Money – a measure of the money supply that usually (but now always) refers to M3. It includes currency and coins, as well as demand deposits at commercial banks, and other assets that can easily be converted into cash.

Brochure – a slim magazine or book that has information about a product, service, or company. Most brochures have images interspersed with pieces of text.

Broker – a middleman who aids in facilitating a transaction between a buyer and a seller. He or she typically focuses in a specific industry, like real estate or insurance. The broker requests payment in the form of a commission, which is often a percentage of the total.

Brown Goods – relatively light electronic appliances such as radios, audio equipment, computers, TVs, game consoles, and media players. We also call them light consumer electronic durables or consumer electronics.

Budget – The word can mean different things when employed as a noun, verb, or adjective. 1. A projection of a project’s total costs. 2. A projection of costs and earnings over a given time frame. 3. How much money a person, company, or other body has available for a certain project, item, or division. 4. Affordable, as in “a budget flight.”

Bulk – 1. In large amounts (purchasing/selling). 2. Something that is very big. 3. Large mass. 4. The most of something, as in “the bulk of the problem lies in….” 5. In a gym, the verb to bulk up means to become more muscular.

Bullet Loan – a loan with a large ‘balloon’ payment at the end. The principal is not paid until the end of the term (maturity). In some cases, interest is paid in all the installments, but the principal is never paid until maturity. Also called a balloon loan.

Bully – a person who intimidates or harms another person deliberately and usually habitually. They do this on purpose. In most cases, the bully sees the victim as vulnerable, i.e., an easy target. Bullying exists at schools, the military, and in the workplace.

Bull Market / Bullish Trend – an upward moving trend of market prices that are increasing in value (it is the opposite of a bear market). An investor who is bullish expects share prices to go up.

Bureaucracy – a system in which important decisions are carried out by state officials instead of elected representatives. It also refers to red tape.

Business – the word has many meanings, such as the act of buying and selling goods and services, a company, market sector, to be occupied and unavailable, to be deadly serious, issues to be dealt with, and to do a bowel movement when talking about one’s pet.

Business Acumen – a skill that experts say can be learned. People with business acumen are able to see the ‘big picture’, make good judgments and take quick decisions that usually lead to positive outcomes.

Business Administration – The phrase could be used to describe a college course or company management. Graduate and postgraduate business administration courses are offered at universities. Managing a company’s finances, marketing, human resources, and commercial operations is referred to as business administration. A part of it is accounting.

Business Agent – a person in charge of running a business for another person, a firm, a union, or an organisation. Almost all successful professional musicians, actors, sports, writers, and artists work with business agents. Additionally, they might organise their client’s vacation, personal assets, and public relations.

Business Analysis – 1. (Countable noun) An investigation into a company’s operations. 2. (Uncountable noun) A research discipline that identifies a business’ needs and determines solutions to problems.

Business Angel – a rich, enterprising person who contributes money to early-stage start-up businesses in exchange for a stake in the company. Others are actively involved in the company they have invested in, while some are just sleeping partners. Likewise called an angel investor.

Business Case – a convincing justification of how a commercial action would enhance a product or company. It is either a written document or a spoken presentation that outlines an issue, potential solutions, and the benefits of each option. It ought to additionally state what might occur if no action is taken.

Business Cycle – also known as a boom-bust cycle, refers to the alternating periods of recession and recovery caused by fluctuations in production and trade in a market economy.

Business Driver – a process, component, resource, or rationale that influences a company’s performance. Some business drivers are under our control, while others, such as political unrest or the national economy, are not.

Business Finance –  the money required to start, run, or expand a business.

Business Hours – the hours during which office people work, which is generally from 9am to 5pm in English-speaking countries, Japan and most advanced economies. The term could also refer to the times shops and/or banks are open.

Business Intelligence (BI) – a set of techniques and tools used to transform unintelligible raw data into meaningful and useful information which company managers and directors can use to give their business an edge in the marketplace.

Business Liability Insurance – a type of insurance companies have to protect them against claims for damages or injury due to negligence. There are three types: Professional Liability Insurance, Product Liability Insurance, and General Liability Insurance.

Business Manager – a person who oversees and supervises a company’s (or department’s) activities and employees. In smaller companies the business manager may be in charge of all operations.

Business Model – a business’s financial strategy. It demonstrates how a business generates value for itself while providing goods or services to clients. For instance, a restaurant’s business strategy entails preparing food and selling it to customers who will pay for it.

Business Objective – describes in detail how a corporation intends to achieve its objective. A company’s objective defines how it intends to get there, whereas its goal refers to where it hopes to be in the future with less specificity. One example of a goal is, “We want to be the largest bicycle manufacturer in the world one day.” An example of a target would be, “We will raise sales by 3% per quarter over the next 12 months and open two plants in Canada and Mexico by March next year.”

Business Park – an area of land where several companies have their offices. They are usually located in suburban areas or just outside a city. Also known as an office park.

Business Plan – a document that summarizes business goals, strategies, and financial forecasts.

Business School – a university faculty/department or independent organisation that offers degree- and postgraduate-level courses in business management, administration, and other niche business-related subjects. sometimes known as a management school, school of business administration, or school of business.

Business Travel – traveling on behalf of one’s business or employer. Work-related or business-related travel. Each journey is a business trip. It does not include commuting or traveling short distances.

Business Trip – a long-distance journey for work puposes. The employer pays for the business traveler’s ticket, accomodation, etc. The general term is business travel.

Buyer’s Market – when there is a surplus of supply compared to demand, which results in slower sales and a lower price. The buyer has the advantage in a buyer’s market. also referred to as a soft market