Introduction:
rajkotupdates.news:emm-negative-rare-blood-group-found-in-rajkot-man-11th-such-case-worldwide
- A 65-year-old Gujarati man from Rajkot was found to have EMM-negative blood type, the world’s rarest blood type.
- He was the tenth individual in the world to possess this unique blood type.
- The discovery was made when his blood sample was tested prior to his heart surgery.
Medical History:
- The patient, who had suffered a heart attack the previous year, required surgery.
- However, medical professionals in Rajkot and Ahmedabad were unable to find a suitable blood match for him.
- Subsequently, the patient’s blood sample was sent to a laboratory in New York for further analysis.
Analysis and Findings:
- After a year of study, the researchers in New York determined that the patient’s blood type was AB+ with an EMM ‘negative’ frequency.
- Unfortunately, before the surgery could be performed, the patient passed away from natural causes.
Background on EMM-Negative Blood Type:
- The human body contains 42 different blood systems, including A, B, O, Rh, and Duffy systems.
- EMM is the name of the 42nd blood group system, with over 375 different types of antigens.
- EMM-negative phenotype is caused by homozygous PIGG gene defective mutations.
- Antibodies against EMM antigens naturally form in individuals with this blood type.
The Patient’s Case:
- The patient required surgery following a heart attack but his blood type couldn’t be matched with anyone in Rajkot or Ahmedabad.
- The blood sample was sent to a lab in New York for analysis.
- After a year, it was determined that the patient had AB+ blood type with an EMM-negative frequency.
- Unfortunately, the patient passed away from natural causes before the surgery could be performed.
Features of EMM-Negative Blood Type:
- The EMM red blood cell (RBC) antigen is designated as 901008 in the high-incidence antigen 901 series.
- EMM-negative blood type was first discovered in 1973, and anti-EMM antibodies were identified in 1987.
- Eight EMM probands of diverse ethnicities have been identified.
- Patients with EMM-negative blood type may develop antibodies against allogeneic RBCs, potentially causing acute hemolytic reactions linked to transfusions.
- EMM is located on a GPI-linked protein, and abnormalities in genes involved in GPI-anchor biosynthesis can lead to EMM deficiency.
- Mutations in genes related to the GPI anchor pathway have been associated with neurological abnormalities.
Conclusion:
- The discovery of EMM-negative blood type in the Gujarati man from Rajkot adds him to the list of ten individuals worldwide with this rare blood type.
- Understanding rare blood types and their associated antigens is crucial for transfusion medicine and ensuring compatibility during medical procedures.
- Further research is needed to explore the genetic and clinical implications of EMM-negative blood type.
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